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NEW QUESTION # 46
You have been asked to recommend a solution for protocol capture of 802.11 frames consisting of 3x3:3
802.11ac communications. The requirement specifies that you gain a general view of a coverage area and does not require that you capture from specific user locations. The solution must be the least expensive practical solution possible that does not disrupt user access to the WLAN and it must be based on enterprise WLAN hardware.
What solution would you recommend so that any coverage area could be monitored on demand?
- A. Install Wireshark on the Aps natively to allow dynamic capture while serving clients
- B. Install sufficient Aps so that an AP can be taken offline to perform protocol analysis as needed
- C. Install the minimum number of Aps required for coverage and use these Aps for protocol analysis as needed
- D. Install laptop-based protocol analyzer near each AP
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 47
You have captured 802.11 traffic using an adapter that includes the radio tap header. You see several frames often called announcement frames in the capture.
What best describes these types of frames?
- A. They only include beacon and probe response frames
- B. They are used to allow a STA to awake from sleep and for no other reason
- C. They only include beacon and probe request frames
- D. They are meant to provide information to the network that may result in state changes, but they are not open for rejection
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which one of the these is the most important in the WLAN troubleshooting methodology among those listed?
- A. Interview the network manager about the issues being experienced
- B. Talk to the end users about their experiences
- C. Obtain detailed -knowledge of the wireless vendors debug and logging options
- D. Observe the problem
Answer: D
Explanation:
Observing the problem is the most important step in the WLAN troubleshooting methodology among those listed. This step involves capturing and analyzing the relevant data from the wireless network, such as packets, frames, spectrum, and performance metrics. Observing the problem helps to verify the existence and scope of the issue, identify the root cause and possible solutions, and validate the results of any actions taken. The other steps are also important, but they are not as critical as observing the problem12 References:
* CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 1: Troubleshooting Methodology, page 15
* CWAP-405Objectives, Section 1.2: Observe the problem
NEW QUESTION # 49
You are tasked with describing the various frames used in 802.11 communications.
What frame is used for spectrum management, fast BSS transition and some other actions taken within a BSA?
- A. PS Poll
- B. CTS
- C. Action
- D. BlockAck
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 50
Protocol analyzers may present field values in either binary, decimal or hexadecimal. What preceeds a hexadecimal value to indicate it is hexadecimal?
- A. 0x
- B. 16x
- C. HEX
- D. %
Answer: A
Explanation:
A hexadecimal value is a value that uses base 16 notation, which means it can have digits from 0 to 9 and letters from A to F.
A hexadecimal value is usually preceded by 0x to indicate that it is hexadecimal and not decimal or binary.
For example, 0x0A is hexadecimal for 10 in decimal or 00001010 in binary. The other options are not valid prefixes for hexadecimal values.
References:
CWAP-405Study Guide, Chapter 2: Protocol Analysis, page 35
CWAP-405Objectives, Section 2.2: Analyze field values
NEW QUESTION # 51
You have received reports of performance problems in a BSS. One specific user is indicating that her downloads are taking a very long time compared to other users around her. You want to determine if the AP is sending frames multiple times to get through to the user's computer.
Where should you monitor with the protocol analyzer to see retries from the AP in this scenario?
- A. Very near the client STA
- B. Very near the AP
- C. Directly in the middle of the AP and client STA
- D. Capture from another AP in another BSS
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 52
A PHY Header is added to the PSDU at which layer?
- A. LLC
- B. Network
- C. PHY
- D. MAC
Answer: C
Explanation:
A PHY header is added to the PSDU at the PHY layer. A PHY header is a part of the PPDU that contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY header is added by the PHY layer when it converts a PSDU to a PPDU for transmission, or removed by the PHY layer when it converts a PPDU to a PSDU for reception. The other layers do not add or remove a PHY header. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
NEW QUESTION # 53
When using a commercial WLAN protocol analyzer, you notice that it is listing vendor names for some APs and client STAs.
What is the source of this information?
- A. DNS name resolution
- B. Broadcast name resolution
- C. Vendor OUI values
- D. Banner grabbing
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 54
You are evaluating a protocol capture file in Wireshark. The following filter is applied:
wlan_radio.11ac.bandwidth - - 4
What kind of frames are displayed?
- A. Only frames supporting 4 radio chains
- B. Only 40 MHz frames
- C. Only frames supporting 4 spatial streams
- D. Only 80 MHz frames
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 55
Finish the statement:
It is possible to distinguish between_______22 MHz transmissions and________20 MHz transmissions when looking at an FFT plot.
- A. HR/DSSS and ERP
- B. OFDM and HT
- C. HT and VHT
- D. ERP and VHT
Answer: B
Explanation:
It is possible to distinguish between OFDM 20 MHz transmissions and HT 20 MHz transmissions when looking at an FFT plot. OFDM and HT are two different modulation schemes used by 802.11 WLANs.
OFDM is used by legacy 802.11a/g devices, while HT is used by newer 802.11n/ac devices. OFDM and HT have different spectral characteristics that can be observed on an FFT plot. OFDM transmissions have a flat spectrum with sharp edges, while HT transmissions have a tapered spectrum with rounded edges. This is because HT uses guard intervals and cyclic prefixes to reduce inter-symbol interference and improve performance. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe different modulation schemes or channel widths that can be distinguished on an FFT plot. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 70-71
NEW QUESTION # 56
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create what type of data unit?
- A. PPDU
- B. PSDU
- C. MPDU
- D. MSDU
Answer: A
Explanation:
The PHY layer provides framing by adding a header to create a PPDU. A PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) is the data unit that is transmitted or received over the wireless medium by the PHY layer. A PPDU consists of a PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit) and a PHY header, which contains information such as modulation, coding, and data rate. The PHY layer adds the PHY header to the PSDU to create a PPDU for transmission, or removes the PHY header from the PPDU to extract the PSDU for reception. The other options are not correct, as they are not created by adding a header at the PHY layer. An MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) is created by adding a MAC header and FCS to an MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) at the MAC layer. An MSDU is the data unit that is passed from the LLC sublayer to the MAC sublayer or vice versa. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 4: 802.11 Physical Layer, page 97-98
NEW QUESTION # 57
How does a VoIP Phone, using WMM Power Save, request data frames buffered at the AP?
- A. The VoIP phone transmits a trigger frame, which is a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame
- B. The VoIP phone transmits a PS-Poll frame
- C. The VoIP phone sets the More Data bit in the MAC Header to 1
- D. The VoIP phone transmits a WMM Action frame
Answer: A
Explanation:
A VoIP phone, using WMM Power Save, requests data frames buffered at the AP by transmitting a trigger frame, which is a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame. WMM Power Save is a power saving mode that allows a STA (station) to conserve battery power by periodically sleeping and waking up. WMM Power Save is based on WMM (Wi-Fi Multimedia), which is a QoS (Quality of Service) enhancement that provides prioritized and differentiated access to the medium for different types of traffic. When a STA sleeps, it cannot receive any data frames from the AP, so it informs the AP of its power save status by setting a bit in its MAC header. The AP then buffers any data frames destined for the sleeping STA until it wakes up. When a STA wakes up, it sends a trigger frame to the AP, indicating its AC (Access Category), which is a logical queue that corresponds to its QoS level. A trigger frame can be either a QoS Null frame or a QoS Data frame, depending on whether it has any payload or not. The AP then responds with one or more data frames from the same AC as the trigger frame, followed by an ACK or BA (Block Acknowledgement) frame from the STA.
The other options are not correct, as they are not used by a VoIP phone using WMM Power Save to request data frames buffered at the AP. A PS-Poll (Power Save Poll) frame is used by a STA using legacy power save mode, not WMM Power Save mode, to request data frames buffered at the AP. A PS-Poll frame does not indicate any AC or QoS information. Setting the More Data bit in the MAC header to 1 does not request any data frames from the AP, but indicates that there are more data frames to be sent by the STA or received by the STA. Transmitting a WMM Action frame does not request any data frames from the AP, but performs various management actions related to WMM features, such as admission control, parameter update, etc. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page
198-199
NEW QUESTION # 58
Which common feature of a Spectrum Analyzer would be the best to help you locate a non-802.11 interference source?
- A. Device finder
- B. Min hold
- C. Max hold
- D. Location filter
Answer: A
Explanation:
The device finder is a common feature of a spectrum analyzer that helps locate a non-802.11 interference source. The device finder uses a directional antenna to measure the signal strength of a specific frequency or signal source. By pointing the antenna in different directions, the device finder can indicate the direction and distance of the interference source. The device finder can also filter out other signals that are not related to the interference source. The other options are not correct, as they do not help locate a non-802.11 interference source. Max hold and min hold are features that show the maximum and minimum RF power levels over time, respectively. Location filter is a feature that filters out signals that are not from a specific location or area. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 3: Spectrum Analysis, page 77-78
NEW QUESTION # 59
You are troubleshooting problems with DHCP in relation to lightweight APs. They vendor class identifier (VCI) is not specified in the DHCP server. When you contact vendor support, they inform you that it is not necessary.
When is this information true?
- A. When only one client option 43 value is required
- B. When only one client option 60 value is required
- C. When the DHCP server is directly connected to the subnet
- D. When only one AP exists on the subnet
Answer: A
Explanation:
The DHCP server should be configured to provide the IP address information to the APs, but it may also be required to pass information for option 43. Option 43 is a vendor information option and can be used for any vendor purpose. The vendor class identifier (VCI) (for example, "Cisco AP c3600") is used with option 60 to determine the appropriate information to return with option 43.
NEW QUESTION # 60
You are using a laptop-based protocol analyzer to scan all channels and determine the basic configuration of the WLAN Basic Service Set in your facility. You are scanning all channels. All configured with default settings.
What can you change to cause the scan to run faster while still APs are capturing beacon frames on all the channels?
- A. Configure the RBW to more than 120 kHz
- B. Configure the scan time for channels to <100 ms
- C. Configure the fragmentation threshold to 1500 bytes
- D. Configure the scan time for channels to 300-500 ms
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 61
How is the length of an AIFS calculated?
- A. SIFS + AIFS * Time Unit
- B. DIFS + SIFS + AIFSN
- C. SIFS * Slot Time + AIFSN
- D. AIFSN * Slot Time + SIFS
Answer: D
Explanation:
The length of an AIFS (Arbitration Interframe Space) is calculated by multiplying the AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) by the Slot Time and adding the SIFS (Short Interframe Space). An AIFS is a variable interframe space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories (ACs). An AC is a logical queue that corresponds to a QoS (Quality of Service) level for different types of traffic. Each AC has a different AIFSN value, which determines how long it has to wait before attempting to access the medium. A lower AIFSN value means a higher priority and a shorter waiting time.
The Slot Time is a fixed value that depends on the PHY type and channel width. The SIFS is the shortest interframe space that is used for high-priority transmissions, such as ACKs or CTSs. The formula for calculating the AIFS length is: AIFS = AIFSN * Slot Time + SIFS. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page 194-195
NEW QUESTION # 62
Which one of the statements regarding the Frame Control field in an 802.11 MAC header is true?
- A. The Frame Control field is always set to 0
- B. Only Control frames have a Frame Control field
- C. The Frame Control field contains subfields, and soma in 1-bit flags
- D. The Frame Control field is used to communicate the duration value
Answer: C
Explanation:
The statement that the Frame Control field contains subfields, and some 1-bit flags is true. The Frame Control field is a 2-byte field in the MAC header that contains information about the type, subtype, and characteristics of a frame. The Frame Control field is divided into several subfields, each with a specific function and length.
Some of these subfields are 1-bit flags, which can be set to 0 or 1 to indicate a certain condition or status. For example, the To DS and From DS subfields are 1-bit flags that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System). The other statements are not true, as they do not describe the Frame Control field correctly. All types of frames (management, control, and data) have a Frame Control field, not just control frames. The Frame Control field is not used to communicate the duration value, which is a separate field in the MAC header. The Frame Control field is not always set to 0, as it varies depending on the type, subtype, and characteristics of each frame. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-405], Chapter 5: 802.11 MAC Sublayer, page 113-114
NEW QUESTION # 63
You are repairing a misconfiguration in WMM settings on an AP. The aCWmin and aCWmax values were all changed.
What is the default aCWmax for AC_BK?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 64
You are responsible for troubleshooting and analysis of the WLAN in your organization that supports more than 700 client STAs. Forty APs are deployed and they are all dual-band APs and are controller-based. You must troubleshoot the wired side in some scenarios using a protocol analyzer.
Which one of the following problems would warrant wired-side analysis in most situations?
- A. High 802.11 retry rates
- B. DHCP problems
- C. WMM QoS issues
- D. High 802.11 CRC rates
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 65
You are troubleshooting a connection problem with a client STA. Regardless of the AP to which it attempts to connect, the connection fails. Using a wired protocol analyzer, you determine that the problem is with the
802.1X/EAP authentication to the RADIUS server.
What layer or range of layers of the OSI model revealed this information?
- A. Layer 3
- B. Below Layer 3
- C. Layer 2
- D. Above Layer 4
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 66
You are concerned with management overhead in your WLAN. When evaluating the network, you note that each dual-band AP provides for 4 SSIDs in each band with three secure SSIDs and one Open System SSID.
The network runs only 802.11ac APs and uses 20 MHz channels in 2.4 GHz and 400 MHz channels in 5 GHz.
What can you do to reduce the impact of beacon frames on CCI and channel utilization?
- A. Increase the beacon interval
- B. Use only 40 MHz channels
- C. Disable SSID broadcasting
- D. Use the same security across all SSIDs
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 67
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